Colorectal cancer is increasingly affecting younger adults under 50, a trend that has been growing for more than a decade. While overall rates of colorectal cancer have declined slightly in recent years, the incidence among people under 50 has risen by more than 2% annually between 2012 and 2021. Alarmingly, the death rate for colorectal cancer in younger adults has also increased by about 1% each year over the past two decades.
Experts emphasize that early detection is crucial. Regular screenings, even before the traditional starting age of 45, can significantly improve outcomes, particularly for individuals with symptoms or a family history of colorectal cancer.
The Importance of Early Screening
Current guidelines recommend that men and women begin colorectal cancer screenings at age 45. However, individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer or conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may need to begin earlier.
Colonoscopies remain the gold standard for screening. They not only detect cancer but also allow doctors to remove polyps before they become malignant. Other non-invasive tests, such as stool-based screenings, are available but must be done annually and followed by a colonoscopy if results are abnormal. Recently, a new blood test was also approved to assist in detecting colorectal cancer, although it does not replace the need for a colonoscopy.
Real Stories Highlight the Urgency
- A 27-year-old woman in Arkansas was diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer after insisting on a colonoscopy despite initially being dismissed by doctors.
- A 48-year-old woman in Nebraska, with no symptoms or family history, was diagnosed with stage 3 colon cancer during her first screening.
- A 38-year-old man, believing he had irritable bowel syndrome, was diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer after further investigation.
These cases underline the importance of advocating for your health and not ignoring persistent gastrointestinal symptoms.
Symptoms You Shouldn’t Ignore
Colorectal cancer often develops without symptoms until it reaches later stages. However, when symptoms do appear, they may include:
- Changes in bowel habits
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Blood in the stool
- Cramping or abdominal pain
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fatigue
Any of these symptoms warrant prompt medical evaluation, regardless of age.
Types of Colorectal Cancer Tests
- Colonoscopy: The most accurate screening method, allowing direct visualization and removal of polyps during the procedure. Recommended every 10 years for those at average risk.
- Stool Tests: Non-invasive and can be done at home, but require annual testing and follow-up colonoscopy if positive.
- Blood Tests: Newly available to assist in detecting colorectal cancer, but not a replacement for direct visualization methods.
- CT Scans: Can detect tumors but may miss smaller lesions.
Colorectal Cancer Overview
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among both males and females in the United States. It is also a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The disease typically begins as benign polyps in the colon or rectum that can become cancerous over time.
Primary treatments include:
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted drug therapy
Early-stage colorectal cancer is highly treatable, and in many cases, curable. Early detection dramatically improves survival rates, making regular screenings and symptom awareness critically important.
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