Rising Trends: Colorectal Cancer Surges Among Children and Teens, Declines in Older Adults

Recent research has uncovered a concerning trend in colorectal cancer: while cases are decreasing among older adults, they are sharply rising among children and teens. The findings, to be presented at the Digestive Disease Week conference in Washington, D.C., reveal a need for heightened awareness and vigilance, particularly among younger age groups.

Colorectal cancer, traditionally associated with older age, has seen a steady decline in cases among older adults since the 1980s. However, in individuals under 55 years old, rates have been steadily increasing by 1% to 2% annually since the mid-1990s. In light of this trend, guidelines for screening have been adjusted accordingly, with the age for screening lowered from 60 to 55 in the UK and potentially further reduced to 50.

The most recent study, led by Dr. Islam Mohamed, an internal medicine resident physician at the University of Missouri-Kansas City, analyzed data from 1999 to 2020 and revealed alarming increases in colorectal cancer rates among younger demographics. From children aged 10–14 to individuals aged 40–44, rates have surged, with the most dramatic increase observed in children aged 10–14, rising by 500%.

Though the absolute numbers remain low, the percentage increases underscore the urgency of understanding and addressing this trend. While screening in younger age groups may not yet be necessary due to the small overall numbers, recognizing the signs and symptoms of early-onset colorectal cancer is crucial.

Common indicators include changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and signs of iron deficiency anemia. Lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining physical activity, consuming fiber-rich foods, reducing processed meat intake, achieving a healthy weight, limiting alcohol consumption, and quitting smoking, may help mitigate risks.

Experts remain puzzled about the underlying causes of the rise in early-onset colorectal cancer. Factors such as obesity, lifestyle choices, genetic predisposition, and environmental changes are under scrutiny. Additionally, researchers are investigating the role of the gut microbiome in the development of colorectal cancer, with emerging evidence suggesting its significance.

Ongoing research initiatives, like the CRC UK PROSPECT team’s work funded by Cancer Research UK and the National Cancer Institute, aim to identify risk factors and interventions that can effectively reduce the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer. These efforts underscore the need for continued vigilance, awareness, and public health initiatives to combat this concerning trend.


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