Spring is here, but for many, that means an onslaught of sneezing, itchy eyes, and congestion. In recent years, seasonal allergies have not only worsened in severity but also lasted longer. Experts suggest that climate change, particularly lengthening growing seasons, may be a major factor behind this trend.
How Climate Change Is Impacting Allergy Seasons
Seasonal allergies, including hay fever and allergic rhinitis, are worsening due to shifting weather patterns. Warmer temperatures and increased carbon dioxide levels contribute to longer growing seasons, causing plants to produce more pollen.
“Allergy season is being disrupted—areas that weren’t pollinating at a certain time are now pollinating earlier or later than usual,” says Frederic Bertley, PhD, president and CEO of the Center of Science and Industry (COSI).
The result? More pollen in the air, leading to heightened allergic reactions. In some regions, allergy seasons have been extended by up to three weeks. With more than a quarter of adults and one in five children experiencing seasonal allergies, the health impact is significant—not to mention the billions of dollars spent annually on pollen-related medical expenses.
How to Reduce Pollen Exposure and Manage Symptoms
Minimizing Indoor Allergens
Keeping your home free of pollen is key to reducing allergy symptoms. Here’s how:
- Close doors and windows to prevent pollen from entering your home. While fresh air is nice, it can bring allergens indoors.
- Use HEPA filters in your HVAC system or air conditioning unit to trap airborne allergens.
- Spring clean regularly by dusting, vacuuming, and washing surfaces to eliminate pollen and dust buildup.
- Bathe pets frequently, as they can carry pollen into your home.
- Wash your hands often to remove pollen before it reaches your face, eyes, and nose.
Limiting Pollen Exposure Outdoors
If you spend time outside during peak allergy season, consider these precautions:
- Check daily pollen forecasts from local weather sources to plan your outdoor activities accordingly.
- Shower and change clothes after being outdoors to remove pollen from your body and clothing.
- Avoid high-pollen days if you have severe allergies—staying indoors during peak pollen hours can help minimize symptoms.
Considering Allergy Medications
For many, avoiding pollen entirely isn’t realistic. Medications can provide relief, including:
- Antihistamines to reduce sneezing and itching.
- Decongestants to relieve nasal congestion.
- Nasal and oral corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.
For those with severe allergies, allergy immunotherapy (allergy shots) can help build long-term tolerance to allergens.
What Causes Seasonal Allergies?
Allergies occur when the immune system overreacts to environmental allergens, such as pollen. Different types of pollen peak in different seasons:
- Spring: Tree pollen (oak, birch, maple)
- Summer: Grass pollen (timothy, Bermuda, ryegrass)
- Fall: Weed pollen (ragweed, sagebrush)
Symptoms of seasonal allergies often mimic a cold and can include:
- Sneezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Watery, itchy eyes
- Itchy throat or ear canals
- Ear congestion
- Postnasal drip
Takeaway
Spring allergies are becoming longer and more intense, likely due to climate change and extended pollen seasons. While avoiding allergens entirely may not be possible, taking proactive steps—such as keeping indoor air clean, checking pollen forecasts, and using appropriate medications—can help you manage symptoms and enjoy the season with fewer interruptions.
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